Input and Output
printf()
printf() is an output function included in stdio.h. It outputs a character
stream to the standard output file, also known as stdout, which is normally
connected to the screen.
It takes 1 or more arguments with the first being called the control string.
Format specifications can be used to interpolate values within the string. A
format specification is a string that begins with % and ends with a conversion
character. In the above example, the format specifications %s and %d were used.
Characters in the control string that are not part of a format specification are
placed directly in the output stream; characters in the control string that are
format specifications are replaced with the value of the corresponding argument.
Example 1: Output with printf()
printf("name: %s, age: %d\n", "John", 24); // "name: John, age: 24"
scanf()
scanf() is an input function included in stdio.h. It reads a series of characters
from the standard input file, also known as stdin, which is normally connected
to the keyboard.
It takes 1 or more arguments with the first being called the control string.
Example 2: Reading input with scanf()
char a, b, c, s[100];
int n;
double x;
scanf("%c%c%c%d%s%lf", &a, &b, &c, &n, n, &x);